Ruth M. Underhill (1883–1984) received her PhD in anthropology from Columbia University and held positions with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the University of Denver, where she was named professor emeritus upon her retirement in 1952. Specializing in southwestern anthropology, Underhill lived on Indian reservations and wrote comprehensively about the Tohono O’odham, Navajo, and Mohave communities. She is the author of several books.